Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Let us look at so me interesting aspects about earths biodiversity based on the currently available species inventories. It defines the diversity observed among the ecosystems in a particular region. Biodiversity is the sum of all the different species of animals, plants, fungi and microbial organisms living on earth and the variety of habitats in which they live. Species biodiversity species diversity is the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individuals. It involves conservation of wild and cultivated species as well as genetic resources.
Look around and you can find diverse forms of organisms, each one different than the others. It includes different plants, animals, birds and microorganisms, their genes, their habitats. If this trend of biodiversity depletion continues, onefourth of the worlds species may be. Without biodiversity in an ecosystem we would not have the many plants and animals we find in our world today, including us. There are three interrelated hierarchical levels of biodiversity namely, genetic diversity, species diversity and community or ecosystem.
For example, the western ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the eastern ghats. Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology. Pdf biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain. In plants, as in animals and other groups, certain morphological characteristics tend to. Species diversity refers to biodiversity at the most basic level and is the variety and abundance of different types of individuals of a species in a given area. Biodiversity is the variety of living species on earth plants, animals and microorganisms and the ecosystems they form. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. The manifestation of biodiversity is the biological resources genes, species, organisms, ecosystems and ecological processes of which they are part. Following are the important strategies for biodiversity conservation. The convention on biological diversity plant conservation. Biodiversity underlies everything from food production to medical research. Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans to protect biodiversity.
A new challenge for ecologists is determining the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Now that we know the different types of biodiversity, let us look at the importance of biodiversity. The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by e. Biodiversity includes the diversity within species and between. There are three interrelated hierarchical levels of biodiversity namely, genetic diversity, species diversity and. Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities can be ensured. The conservation of biodiversity outside of their natural environments or ecosystems is known as exsitu conservation. The convention on biological diversity held in june, 1992 stressed the need of the conservation of biodiversity for sustainable development and perpetuation of human beings on earth. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity.
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the sum of all the different species of plants, animals, fungi and microbial organisms that live on earth, including the various ecosystems in which they live on. Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form. Biodiversity conservation has three main objectives. Resource use is commonly guided by quota and permit systems and resource monitoring. Biodiversity types of biodiversity, importance and causes of. But, gradually over the years, there has been a major loss in the biodiversity across. Identifying and understanding the relationships between all the life on earth are some of.
Conservation is the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and natural resources such as forests and water. The convention on biological diversity held in june, 1992 stressed the need of the conservation of biodiversity for sustainable development and perpetuation of. Humans use at least 40,000 species of plants and animals on a daily basis. The concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and misunderstanding among the general public, decisionmakers, and even the scientific community. Different ecosystems like mangroves, rainforests, deserts, etc. An ecosystem is the name given to all living species that live together in a stable community, interacting with one another and their physical environment. The ecosystem services of biodiversity is maintained through formation and protection of soil, conservation and purification of water, maintaining hydrological cycles, regulation of biochemical cycles, absorption and breakdown of pollutants and waste materials through decomposition. Otherwise known as agrobiodiversity, agricultural biodiversity is a broad term that includes the variety and variability of animals, plants and. Types, importance and conservation methods with diagram 1. Biodiversity types of biodiversity, importance and causes. Biodiversity biological diversity is the total variety of living organisms in all ecosystems on earth, the genetic differences between them, and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur. An ecosystem is the name given to all living species that live together in a. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude.
That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. In this video malvika choudhary explains about definition of biodiversity,typesgenetic biodiversity,species biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversityits importance and the reason behind loss. Extinction of species leads to further destruction of fragile ecosystems. Biodiversity refers to the total variety of life on earth, or the total variety of life in a given area.
Experience in namibia has shown that benefits derived from the sustainable utilization of biodiversity are a powerful incentive to ensure further conservation. Learn more about the conservation of biodiversity here. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire earth. Mar 01, 2019 biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. Species diversity deals with the the richness and evenness of species in an area. Biodiversity conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity to obtain resources for sustainable development. To maintain lifesupporting systems and essential ecological processes. Protected areas, biodiversity and conservation 9 peter murrell conservation area, tasmania, australia even small parks can have important conservation roles.
Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, rather it varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total. Biodiversity is also known as biological diversity. Biodiversity conservation provides substantial benefits to meet immediate human needs, such as clean, consistent water flows, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. This refers to the variety of types of plants, animals, and microorganisms. In situ conservation also enables researchers to determine the distribution of a species throughout the world, to assess traditional communities contribution to. It is the natural wealth of the earth, which supplies all our food and much of our shelter and raw materials. Biodiversitytypes,importance and loss of biodiversity. The best app for cbse students now provides biodiversity and. Much has been published on the subject since its first appearance at the national forum on biodiversity in september, 1986, the proceedings of which became the bestseller, biodiversity.
The best app for cbse students now provides biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and schoolbased annual examinations. Conservation of biodiversity can be studied in different segments. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. Biodiversity is the part of nature which includes the difference in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally.
Agricultural biodiversity is a subset of general biodiversity. Feb 24, 2015 types of biodiversity species biodiversity genetic biodiversity ecosystem biodiversity 5. Guidelines for biodiversity assessment and monitoring for. Classification estimated population size of indigenous goat. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity outcomes. Jul 02, 2018 biodiversity is the pillar that allows ecosystems to function and humans to thrive. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. All these diversities help in maintaining the correct balance of nature. The biodiversity of new york includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even. Conservation can broadly be divided into two types. All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes and agricultural animals should be conserved. Definition, types levels of biodiversity, magnitude, gradients, benefits, threats, conservation, red data book, iucn biodiversity is the word that is used to define the crowd of organisms of the planet. Biodiversity also includes the genetic information that these organisms contain. Biodiversity includes the genetic variability for which different varieties of spices have appeared in the course of evolution and diversity of life forms such as plants, animal microbes, etc.
Read about biodiversity conservation, the importance of biodiversity, loss of biodiversity and more. It started from a single biology video posted on youtube that turned out to be quite popular and grew from there. Biodiversity and conservation is an international journal that publishes articles on all aspects of biological diversityits description, analysis and conservation, and its controlled rational use by humankind. It is usually expressed by the number of species i. It includes all the species on earth, ranging from plants such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms and all the species of. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. Science sauce is a home for science teaching and learning resources. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of. Otherwise known as agrobiodiversity, agricultural biodiversity is a broad term that includes the variety and variability of animals, plants and microorganisms at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels that sustain the ecosystem structures, functions and processes in and around production systems, and that provide food and non. Biodiversity is the variety of all species on our planet. Biodiversity is the part of nature which includes the difference in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally in a region, in the country and the world and various types of ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic within a defined area.
Biodiversity and conservation cbse notes for class 12. Biodiversity and its types complete detail updated. Going by the raw definition, biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a given region. The report would also serve as a communication and. Systematic biodiversity conservation planning seems like everyone is doing it. Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes. In other words, biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole. A sevenstep framework for developing regional plans to conserve biological diversity, based upon principles of conservation biology and ecology, is being used extensively by the nature conservancy to identify priority areas for conservation. All the economically important organisms should be identified and conserved. Examples of efforts promoting sustainable utilization follow over the page. On a much smaller scale, one can study biodiversity within a pond ecosystem or a neighborhood park. It includes different plants, animals, birds and microorganisms, their genes, their habitats and all the ecosystems forests, grasslands, lacks, ponds, rivers, wetlands etc. Pdf an unequivocal, precise, and generally accepted definition of biodiversity does not exist. The biodiversity of new york includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms and bacteria living in the state.
Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve biodiversity and protect endangered species and their habitats. There is an urgent need, not only to manage and conserve the biotic wealth, but also restore the degraded ecosystems. Conservation is defined as the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to. Definition, types levels of biodiversity, magnitude, gradients, benefits, threats, conservation, red data book, iucn biodiversity is the word that is used to define the crowd of. May 03, 2019 loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. However the need for such a definition that is both. Exsitu conservation utilizes a wide range of techniques and facilities and it can be accomplished in the following. A sevenstep framework for developing regional plans to conserve biological diversity, based upon. The types of conservation can be many or few, depending on the focus of the individual or program that is aimed at conserving the earths. Let us look at this diverse biological aspect of our planet and learn more about conservation of biodiversity. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. Although all of these insects have a similar structure and may be genetic cousins, the.
The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. It is the biodiversity within a particular area, community or ecosystem. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. Scientists estimate that more than 10 million different species inhabit earth. Convention on biological diversity plantconservation report page 4 acknowledgements the executive secretary was requested by the twelfth meeting of the subsidiary body on scienti ic. The indian council of forestry research icfre has identified 309 forest preservation plots of representative forest types for conservation of viable and representative areas of biodiversity.
What is amazing about our planet earth is the huge diversity that it houses. Biodiversity is the biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals. Biodiversity is a community of all the living organisms on the earth and the diversity among them from all the ecosystems. Institute of biodiversity conservation national biodiversity strategy and action plan december 2005 addis ababa. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan.
201 43 440 1537 387 569 1565 707 974 1397 1455 1376 325 769 492 549 706 1285 1096 430 979 403 508 918 353 815 1591 1552 254 271 79 312 426 800 412 15 285 400 301 1192 154 77 689 1040 720 1140 632 481